VT https://investor.vanguard.com/etf/profile/VT expense ratio - 0.09% dividend yield - 2.317% = ( 0.4348+ 0.5508+ 0.2810+ 0.4890)/75.76 withholding tax rate - 30% total holding cost = 0.09% + 2.317%*0.3 = 0.7851% VWRL/VWRD (currency GBP/USD) expense ratio - 0.25% dividend yield - 2.17% withholding tax - 0% total holding cost = 0.25% + 2.17%*0 = 0.25% VWRA/VWRP/VWCE (currency USD/GBP/EUR) https://americas.vanguard.com/institutional/mvc/detail/etf/overview?portId=9679&assetCode=EQUITY expense ratio - 0.25% dividend yield - 0% (accumulating) withholding tax - 0% total holding cost = 0.25% + 0%*0 = 0.25% ************************************** Conclusion ************************************** VWRL/VWRD = VWRA/VWRP/VWCE < VT If investors want to use EUR, they could consider buying VWCE. ************************************** Misc ************************************** Irish ETF for NRA(A must read!) https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Nonresident_ali...